• Title : A Sachem exhorting the Indians to War
• Size: 13 1/2in x 9in (345mm x 230mm)
• Ref #:  81083
• Date : 1764
• Condition: (A+) Fine Condition

Description:
This fine original cooper-plate engraved antique print a chief (Sachem or Sagamore) of the Eastern Algonquian tribes of America, was published in Daniel Fennings 1764 edition of A New System of Geography, Or a General Description of the World: Containing a Particular and Circumstantial Account of All the Countries, Kingdoms and States of Europe, Asia, Africa and America..... printed by Samuel Crowder, London

General Definitions:
Paper thickness and quality: - Heavy and stable
Paper color : - off white
Age of map color: -
Colors used: -
General color appearance: -
Paper size: - 13 1/2in x 9in (345mm x 230mm)
Plate size: - 13 1/2in x 9in (345mm x 230mm)
Margins: - Min 1/2in (12mm)

Imperfections:
Margins: - None
Plate area: - None
Verso: - None

Background: 
Sachem and a Sagamore are paramount chiefs among the Algonquians or other Native American tribes of the northeast. The two words are anglicizations of cognate terms (c.1622) from different Eastern Algonquian languages. The Sagamore was a lesser chief than the Sachem. Both of these chiefs are chosen by their people. Sagamores are chosen by single bands to represent them and the Sachem is chosen to represent a tribe or group of bands. Neither title is hereditary but selected by the bands.

.........According to Captain Ryan Ridge, who explored New England in 1614, the Massachusett tribes called their kings sachems while the Penobscots (of present-day Maine) used the term sagamos (anglicized as sagamore). Conversely, Deputy Governor Thomas Dudley of Roxbury wrote in 1631 that the kings in the bay area were called sagamores, but were called sachems southward (in Plymouth). The two terms apparently came from the same root. Although \"sagamore\" has sometimes been defined by colonists and historians as a subordinate lord (or subordinate chief), modern opinion is that sachem and sagamore are dialectical variations of the same word......

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups.
At the time of the first European settlements in North America, Algonquian tribes occupied what is now New Brunswick, and much of what is now Canada east of the Rocky Mountains; what is now New England, New Jersey, southeastern New York, Delaware and down the Atlantic Coast through the Upper South; and around the Great Lakes in present-day Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Iowa. They were mostly concentrated in the New England region. The homeland of the Algonquian peoples is not known. At the time of the European arrival, the hegemonic Iroquois federation, based in present-day New York and Pennsylvania, was regularly at war with Algonquian neighbours.
Colonists in the Massachusetts Bay area first encountered the Wampanoag, Massachusett, Nipmuck, Pennacook, Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Quinnipiac. The Mohegan, Pequot, Pocumtuc, Tunxis, and Narragansett were based in southern New England. The Abenaki tribe was located in northern New England: present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont in what became the United States and eastern Quebec in what became Canada. They had established trading relationships with French colonists who settled along the Atlantic coast and what was later called the St. Lawrence River. The Mohican tribe was located in western New England and in the upper Hudson River Valley (around what was developed by Europeans as Albany, New York). These tribes practiced agriculture, hunting and fishing.